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Robert de Grandmesnil
Robert de Grantmesnil (de Grandmesnil) also known as Robert II, was a Norman nobleman; a member of a prominent Norman family. He first became a monk, then abbot at the Abbey of Saint-Evroul in Normandy and later Bishop of Troina in the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.
==Career==
Robert was the second son of Robert I de Grantmesnil and Hawisa d'Échauffour, daughter of Giroie, Lord of Échauffour.〔K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, ''Domesday People, A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166'', Vol I (Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 262〕 His family was from Calvados, arrondissement of Lisieux, in the canton of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives.〔 As a child he applied himself to learning and came to be known for his retentive memory and seemed to be destined for the church.〔Ordericus Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), pp. 400-401〕 But Robert also had a love of arms and fighting and was for five years an esquire to Duke William, who at the end of that period knighted him and rewarded him generously for his service.〔 In 1040 when Robert I died, his three sons, including Robert, all shared in their father's inheritance.〔
In 1050, Robert and his elder brother Hugh de Grandmesnil had decided to found a monastery and asked their uncle, William fitz Giroie,〔This is the same William fitz Giroie who was mutilated and blinded by William I Talvas, apparently out of jealousy. It was for this crime William I Talvas and his daughter Mabel de Bellême were driven from their lands and eventually taken in by Roger de Montgomery. So William was blind by the time he assisted his nephews in reestablishing the abbey of Saint-Evroul. After his ordeal he had become a monk at the abbey of Bec and was probably involved in the exchange of lands for his nephews to acquire the lands used for the abbey. See: "The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni", Vol. II, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M.C. Van Houts (The Clarendon Press, Oxford & New York, 1995), pp. 110-12〕 to advise them. William pointed out the site the two chose was unsuitable and also advised them to restore the ancient abbey of Saint-Evroul instead.〔 The brothers agreed and compensated the monks of Bec who owned the old ruins and then generously funded, along with contributions from their mother's fitz Giroie family, the restoration of the abbey.〔 In his confirmation charter to this refounding of Saint-Evroul Duke William subscribed it with the sign of the cross and had added to the charter a warning against anyone doing any harm to the abbey or any of its members under pain of excommunication.〔Ordericus Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), p. 400〕 That same year Robert entered the abbey as a monk and became abbot there in 1059.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1989), Tafel 697〕
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